According to a recent assessment unveiled by UNESCO, World Heritage coral reefs, which include the Belize barrier reef system — still on the list of World Heritage sites in danger — are likely to disappear by 2100 unless carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are drastically reduced.
Countries with responsibility over World Heritage-listed coral reefs should adopt ambitious climate change targets, aiming to cut greenhouse gas emissions to levels that would keep global temperature increases to just 1.5°C, said UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre (WHC), a UN agency responsible for overseeing World Heritage sites.
The WHC released the first global scientific assessment of climate change impacts on World Heritage coral reefs, highlighting the devastating outcomes that are likely to arise due to escalating ocean temperatures.
In the past three years alone, soaring ocean temperatures have subjected 21 of 29 World Heritage reefs to severe and/or repeated heat stress, and caused some of the worst bleaching ever observed at iconic sites like the Great Barrier Reef (Australia), Papahânaumokuâkea (USA), the Lagoons of New Caledonia (France) and Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles).
Belize was among these adversely impacted places, and furthermore, in just about a decade, it is projected that it could be adversely impacted again by severe heat stress.
“The analysis predicts that all 29 coral-containing World Heritage sites would cease to exist as functioning coral reef ecosystems by the end of this century under a business-as-usual emissions scenario,” said UNESCO’s WHC in discussing the report.
It explains that, “Bleaching is a stress response that causes coral animals to expel the microscopic algae (zooxanthellae) whose photosynthesis provides the energy needed to build three-dimensional reef structures. Mass bleaching is caused by rising water temperatures associated with climate change. It only takes a spike of 1-2°C to cause bleaching, and carbon emissions have caused a 1°C increase in global surface temperature since pre-industrial times. This effect has been magnified by strong El Niño and La Niña events. Ocean acidification caused by dissolved atmospheric CO2 weakens corals further.”
(Click image for direct download of the report)
“The 29 globally significant coral reefs on UNESCO’s World Heritage List are facing existential threats, and their loss would be devastating ecologically and economically,” Dr. Mechtild Rossler, Director of the World Heritage Centre, is quoted as saying.
“These rainforests of the sea protect coastal communities from flooding and erosion, sustain fishing and tourism businesses, and host a stunning array of marine life,” Rossler explained.
The Belize Barrier Reef system is both economically and ecologically invaluable, and it is prized as an underpinning resource for two of the country’s economic pillars: fisheries and tourism. Furthermore, it has provided protection for the country in buffering the adverse impacts of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes.
The Belize Barrier Reef system is a phenomenal natural asset, the largest such reef system in this Western Hemisphere, and the biggest portion of what is described as the Meso-American Reef System.
According to the WHC, “The social, cultural and economic value of coral reefs is estimated at US$1 trillion. Recent projections indicate that climate-related loss of reef ecosystem services will total US$500 billion per year or more by 2100, with the greatest impacts felt by people who rely on reefs for day-to-day subsistence.”
The assessment was developed with satellite data from the United States National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch and received the support from the French Agency for Biodiversity (Agency Française pour la Biodiversité).
Source: Amandala
